Salmonella Stanley

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Stanley (antigenic formula: 1,4,[5],12,[27]:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. S. Stanley is commonly associated with human clinical infections in South East Asia, which appears to have spread to Europe. Initial cases in Denmark were associated with patients that traveled to Thailand; however, multiple outbreaks in Europe associated with different sources (poultry, cheese, alfalfa sprouts) suggest that S. Stanley is also found in Europe. In Asia, cases have been found in children under the age of 5. Multidrug resistant strains that encode extended spectrum beta-lactamases (enzymes that confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin) have been reported in clinical cases in Asia and Europe.

Animal reservoir: Pork was found to be the source of S. Stanley in Thailand, but outbreaks associated with turkey indicate that turkey is also a reservoir.

Geographical distribution: S. Stanley is prevalent in Asia, this serovar has been reported in Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, and Malaysia. In Europe, cases reported in Denmark were attributed to traveling to Asia.

Human outbreaks:

Year	Location	Associated source	Number of cases
2020	US (Multistate)	Wood Ear Mushrooms	55
2013-14	US-multistate	Raw cashew cheese	14
2011-13	EU-multi-country	Turkey	710
2007	Sweden	Alfalfa sprouts	51
2006-07	Switzerland	Soft cheese	82
2004	Australia	Unknown	33
2001	UK (Newport & Stanley)	Peanuts	109

Border rejections: There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar.

Recalls:

Year	Location	Recalled food	Type
2022	Finland, Denmark	Dried fungus from Vietnam, via Netherlands	Fruits and vegetables
2020	US: CA	Dried fungus¹	Fruits and vegetables
2013	US: CA	Raw cashew cheese²	Milk and milk products

¹ This recall was caused by a multistate outbreak described above. On September 23, 2020, Wismettac Asian Foods, Inc., Santa Fe Springs, CA issued a voluntary recall for Shirakiku brand imported dried fungus (aka. Kikurage or Black Fungus).

² This recall was caused by a multistate outbreak described above. On December 31, 2013, Cultured Kitchen of West Sacramento, California voluntarily issued a recall of all six flavors of its raw cashew cheese.

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Salmonella Stanley