*** This version of Confluence is for testing only and contains a copy of content from June 29th 2026. No changes will be preserved. ***
...
Geographical distribution: Serovar Livingstone has been .
OutbreaksHuman outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated Source | Number of Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
2023-2024 | US: Utah | Restaurant-related (no common source was identified) | 11 |
2002 | |||
2001 | Norway, Sweden | Processed fish |
| products | 44 in Norway, 16 In Sweden |
1989-1991 | Scotland |
| Not identified | 71 |
Animal outbreaks:
Year | Location | Breed | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | UK | CBA/ca mice | 601 |
1 Only mice under 3 weeks old exhibited symptoms of enteritis. They were treated orally with tetracycline, 10 g/L drinking water for 10 days.
Border rejections:
Year | Exporting country | Importing country | Associated source | Product category |
| 2020 | US | Greece | Fish meal | Feed materials |
Recalls:
| Year | Location | Recalled food | Type |
|---|
Relevant links:
| 2024 | Slovakia | Rucola from Italy | Fruits and vegetables |
| 2020 | Poland | Hulled sesame seeds1 | Nuts, nut products and seeds |
1 Salmonella Amsterdam and Salmonella Livingstone were found in sesame seeds from India, packed in Poland.
Relevant links:
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38870481/
- https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-40-2-139
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/3865763?seq=1
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1258/002367781780893812
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/429239
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/722139
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/433397
- Guerin, P. J., et al. "Outbreak of Salmonella Livingstone infection in Norway and Sweden due to contaminated processed fish products." Epidemiology & Infection 132.5 (2004): 889-895. Outbreak of Salmonella Livingstone infection in Norway and Sweden due to contaminated processed fish products | Epidemiology & Infection | Cambridge Core
- Old, D. C., M. Porter-Boveri, and D. S. Munro. "Human infection in Tayside, Scotland due to Salmonella serotype Livingstone." Journal of medical microbiology 40.2 (1994): 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1099/00222615-40-2-134
- Picton, W. H. A., et al. "A new salmonella type (Salm. livingstone)." The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 66.1 (1953): 310-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1700660136