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Created by
user-2cb76, last updated by Caroline Renea Yates on Jul 01, 2025
2 minute read
Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund (antigenic formula 1,4,12,27:d:1,7) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. S. Schwarzengrund is among the most common serovars in non-clinical non-human sources in the US. MDR strains (e.g., resistant to dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, bicozamycin, trimethoprim, and sulfadimethoxine) have been linked to broilers in Japan. For example, MDR S. Schwarzengrund was found to be transmitted from chickens to people in some countries in Asia.
NCBI PD link for serovar Schwarzengrund:
Genetic Characteristics: A study of antimicrobial resistance in global Salmonella isolates found that serovar Schwarzengrund was positively correlated with fluoroquinolone resistance. In addition, fluoroquinolone resistant strains have been linked to imported food
Animal reservoir: Poultry is the main reservoir of S. Schwarzengrund. This serovar has also been found in dogs.
Geographical distribution: S. Schwarzengrund is prevalent in Asia and it has been found in Europe and the US as well.
Human Outbreaks: Outbreaks associated with S. Schwarzengrund have been reported in the US; in addition, in Denmark cases have been linked to Thai food products.
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
| 2019 | US - multistate | Ground turkey | 7 |
2007 | US - New Jersey | Probably exposure to poultry from live bird-market | 5 |
2007 | US - Massachusetts | 62 | |
2007 | US - multistate | 70 | |
1996-2000 | US - Oregon | 11 |
Border Rejections:
Year | Exporting country | Importing country | Associated source | Product category |
| 2025 | Hungary | Finland | Turkey meal | Feed materials |
| 2021 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper1 | Herbs and spices |
| 2020 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper2 | Herbs and spices |
1Serovars Poona and Matadi were also found in this product
2Serovar Javiana was also found in this product
Recalls:
| Year | Location | Recalled food | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | US: Multistate | Turkey products | Poultry and poultry products |
Relevant links:
- http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/schwarzengrund.html
- http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-1179_article.htm
- http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/10/18/jac.dkr414.full.pdf
- http://www0.nih.go.jp/JJID/62/198.pdf
- http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/5/06-1489_article.htm
- https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13174
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59758-3
- https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/schwarzengrund-03-19/index.html
- https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-1179_article
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5719a4.htm
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200105243442102
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/753859
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/523752
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/452358
- https://www.fsis.usda.gov/recalls-alerts/butterball-llc-recalls-turkey-products-due-possible-salmonella-schwarzengrund