Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Give (antigenic formula: 3,{10}{15}{15,34}:l,v:1,7) is a serovar of the O:3,10 (E1) serogroup. This serovar has been reported to cause brain abscess and bacteremia in a 3-year old female child. Serovar Give was associated with a cattle outbreak, but further details regarding the incident are unavailable.

NCBI PD link for serovar Give: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Give%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Give has been found to be polyphyletic with two lineages identified. In a Venezuela study, the blaTEM-1 and blaSHV-12 genes were identified in S. Give SG9611, while blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-2 were found in the other three strains: S. Give SG9811, S. Heidelberg SH7511, and SH7911. Notably, the qnrB19 gene was detected in all four strains, irrespective of their origin or serovars. In an outbreak study, all human isolates analyzed in clusters 1 and 2 through MLST exhibited resistance to monoglucoside. In pig farms in Ibadan, Nigeria, the majority of the multidrug-resistant isolates were S. Give, comprising 24 isolates (47.1%), which exhibited co-resistance to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

Animal reservoir: Unknown but serovar Give has previously been isolated in livestock such as cattle, pigs, and exotic animals such as camels.

Geographical distribution: Serovar Give has been reported worldwide such as the UK and the US. 

Human outbreaks:

Year

Location

Associated source

Number of cases

2022GreeceRoasted pork10
2016MaltaLocal food manufacturer136
2008FranceFormula milk8
2004GermanyRaw pork mince115

1 Salmonella Give were found in packaged bean dips, ham, and pork. 

Border rejections:

Year

Exporting country

Importing country

Associated source

Product category

2023BelarusLithuaniaRapeseed expellerFeed materials
2021BrazilGermanyBlack pepper1Herbs and spices
2021IndiaNetherlandsTurmeric powder 2% curcumine2Herbs and spices

1 Salmonella Infantis and Give were both found. 

2 Informing consignor and Distribution restricted to notifying country

Recalls:

YearLocationRecalled foodType
2025Czech RepublicChilled duck with giblets from Hungary1Poultry meat and poultry meat products

1 Product (presumably) was no longer on the market. 

Relevant links:

  1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38176586/
  2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5464488/
  3. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full
  4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24187555/
  5. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12223-013-0270-6
  6. https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/8391
  7. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/national-outbreak-of-salmonella-give-linked-to-a-local-food-manufacturer-in-malta-october-2016/F086A81E491E0272ABE4869A7C62DD60
  8. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/ese.13.39.18994-en
  9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16088767/
  10. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/609318
  11. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/504801
  12. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/471596
  13. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/746029
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