Salmonella Kedougou

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kedougou (antigenic formula 1,13,23:i:l,w) is a serovar of the O:13 (G) group. This serovar was frequently isolated (among top 10 serotypes) in northern Thailand. A case of bacterial enteritis caused by serovar Kedougou that developed after traveling to Thailand was reported. This serovar was also reported to cause abortion in dairy cattle. In the UK, in 2023, reports of serovar Kedougou rose by 81.0%, making it the third most common serovar with 421 affected flocks—a substantial increase from 232 in 2022 and 192 in 2021. This serovar is linked to feed mill settings and can be found in ingredients like oilseed meals.

NCBI PD link for serovar Kedougou: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Kedougou%22)

Genetic Characteristics: Serovar Kedougou has been found to be polyphyletic with one lineage identified and one stand-alone singleton that does not cluster with any other Salmonella Kedougou isolates. Among human-originated Salmonella Kedougou isolates collected in Thailand, Pornruangwong et al. found that 84% showed resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes. In addition, three human stool samples contained strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins—two carrying bla(CTX-M-63) and one with bla(CMY-2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) identified 45 distinct genetic clusters. Interestingly, human isolates from Thailand and the US shared identical PFGE patterns, indicating possible travel-related transmission. In contrast, most animal isolates from the UK formed separate clusters.

Animal Reservoir: Unknown, but chicken might be a potential reservoir for serovar Kedougou. Based on the NCBI PD metadata, serovar Kedougou was rarely isolated from other animals such as cattle and pigs.

Geographical Distribution: Although serovar Kedougou is rare, it has still been reported worldwide occasionally such as in the United States and Thailand.

Human outbreaks:

Year	Location	Associated source	Number of cases
2020	Finland	Carrot and zucchini salad	9
2008	Spain	Infant formula milk	31
2006	Norway	Salami	54
1992	The United Kingdom	Cooked turkey meat	NA

Border rejections:

Year	Exporting country	Importing country	Associated source	Product category
2023	Germany	France	Rapeseed extraction meal¹	feed materials
2022	Poland	Italy	minced frozen poultry meat²	poultry meat and poultry meat products
2022	Italy	Finland	organic rape cake expeller³	feed materials

¹ Germany informed the recipient and authorities.

² Salmonella Kedougou and Salmonella Sandiego were both found.

³ Chemical treatment was issued. Both Salmonella Jerusalem and Salmonella Kedougou were found.

Recalls:

Year	Location	Recalled product	Type
2022	Belgium	Petfood for dogs	Pet food
2020	Sweden	Courgette from Netherlands and Spain	Fruits and vegetables
2019	Finland	Chicken fillets from Thailand¹	Poultry meat and poultry meat products

¹ Products were later re-dispatched.

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Salmonella Kedougou