Salmonella Bredeney

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Bredeney (antigenic formula 1,4,12,27:l,v:1,7) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. Serovar Bredeney is a rare serovar, in the US, 405 cases were reported in humans between 1999-2009; in addition, 11 isolates were obtained from turkeys in the US during the same period. In Ireland, a different trend was observed, as it was reported as the third most common serovar during the years 1998-2000.

NCBI PD link for serovar Bredeney: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Bredeney%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Bredeney has been found to be paraphyletic. A non-Bredeney serovar, S. Give, clusters within serovar Bredeney. In the Netherlands one isolate of serovar Bredeney was reported to harbor an IncN plasmid carrying the qnr genes (quinolone resistance genes). Among 112 isolates collected in Ireland, a high proportion (74%) of isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, while 21% showed resistance to both sulfonamide and trimethoprim, and a single isolate (0.9%) exhibited resistance to multiple (five) antimicrobial agents.

Animal reservoir: Serovar Bredeney appeared to be associated with poultry, at least in Ireland it was associated with chicken; and in the US with turkey. It was also unfrequently isolated from cattle, and pigs.

Geographical distribution: This serovar has been reported only in North America, Australia, South Africa, Nigeria, and Europe.

Human outbreaks: Despite the fact that this is a rare serovar, multiple outbreaks have been reported. Below are a few examples.

Year	Location	Associated source	Number of cases
2012	US: Multistate	Peanut butter	42
1998	US: Alabama	Meat	170
1997	Ireland	Chicken	10
1995	Australia	Meat or chicken product	157

Border rejections: Multiple border rejections associated with serovar Bredeney have been reported. Here we selected two as examples.

Year	Exporting country	Importing country	Associated source	Product category
2021	Turkey	Finland	Potato seasoning¹	Herbs and spices
2020	Slovenia	Italy	Frozen kebab²	Poultry meat and poultry meat products

¹ Salmonella Bredeney and Salmonella Montevideo were both found.

² Salmonella Bredeney and Salmonella Infantis were both found.

Recalls: Multiple recalls associated with serovar Bredeney have been reported. Here we selected one as an example.

Year	Location	Recalled food	Type
2012	US: multistate	Peanut butter¹	Nuts, nut products and seeds

¹ Trader Joe’s Valencia Peanut Butter, manufactured by Sunland, Inc. of Portales, New Mexico, was the recalled product. This recall was caused by a multistate outbreak described above.

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Salmonella Bredeney