Salmonella Rubislaw

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Rubislaw (antigenic formula 11:r:e,n,x) is a serovar of the O:11 (F) serogroup. S. Rubislaw has been frequently isolated from natural environmental reservoirs, including water from canals, ponds, rivers, and streams in the U.S., Brazil, and Mexico. S. Rubislaw has also been isolated from several types of fresh produce, including papaya, mango, avocado, and peppers, as well as spices such as ground black pepper. NCBI PD link for serovar Rubislaw: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Rubislaw%22)

Genetic characteristics: S. Rubislaw is typically not associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical infections in humans. However, in a survey of equine clinical isolates submitted to veterinary hospital in the Southern U.S., 4 out of 12 S. Rubislaw isolates examined in the study showed phenotypic resistance to several antibiotics routinely surveilled by the U.S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), including ampicillin, cetiofur, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Animal reservoir: S. Rubislaw has been isolated from various non-clinical non-human zoonotic reservoirs including reptiles, amphibians, birds, and horses. Several human clinical infections of S. Rubislaw have been associated with contact with reptiles, including a human infection of S. Rubislaw in the U.S. that was linked to contact with iguanas.

Geographical distribution: S. Rubislaw has been frequently isolated from natural environmental reservoirs, including water from canals, ponds, rivers, and streams in the U.S., Brazil, Mexico, and other countries in South America. In addition, ground black pepper from Brazil has been found to contain strains of S. Rubislaw.

Outbreaks: There have been no reported outbreaks linked to S. Rubislaw.

Border Rejections: