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Created by
user-95cbf, last updated by Brad Yang on Jun 01, 2025
1 minute read
Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Uganda (antigenic formula: 3,{10},{15}:1,z13:1,5) is a Group O:3,10 (E1) serovar. In US, human infections caused by serovar Uganda are uncommon. Between 1993 and 2000, an average of only 48 human cases were reported annually.
NCBI PD link for serovar Uganda: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Uganda%22)
Genetic characteristics:
Animal reservoir: Unknown, according to the metadata from NCBI PD, cattle and pigs are potential reservoirs for serovar Uganda. Pigs and cattle remained the top two sources for non-human isolates.
Geographical distribution: According to the metadata from NCBI PD, serovar Uganda has been reported worldwide but primarily in US (2,528 out of 3,310 serovar Uganda isolates available in NCBI PD were from US, accessed 06/01/2025).
Human outbreaks:
| Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | US: multistate | Pet bearded dragons | 56 |
| 2022 | China | ||
| 2019 | US: multistate | Papayas | 81 |
2013 | US: LA | Hog head cheese | 6 |
| 2011 | US: multistate | Cantaloupe | 25 |
| 2001 | US: NY | Pork | 11 |
| 2001 | US: Chicago | Pork | 12 |
Border rejections:
Year | Exporting country | Importing country | Associated source | Product category |
| 2022 | Syria | Germany | Sesame paste/Tahina1 | Nuts, nut products and seeds |
1 Consignment was released later.
Recalls:
| Year | Location | Recalled food | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | US: LA | Hog head cheese1 | Meat and meat products (other than poultry) |
1 This recall was caused by a outbreak described above. Stallings Head Cheese Co., Inc., a Houston, Texas establishment, issued a recall of 4,700 pounds of their hog head cheese.
Relevant links:
- https://web.archive.org/web/20040606215720/http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/phlisdata/salmonella.htm#2001
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/uganda-01-22/investigation.html
- https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/uganda-06-19/index.html
- https://www.marlerblog.com/case-news/salmonella-uganda-outbreak-linked-to-head-cheese-in-louisiana/#:~:text=Illness%20onset%20dates%20among%20the,20%202013%E2%80%B3on%20each%20package.
- https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2011-multistate-outbreak-of-salmonella-uganda-infections-linked-to-cantaloupe
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3320290/
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/580204