Salmonella Paratyphi A

Background:

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A (antigenic formula: 1,2,12,a:[1,5]) is a serovar of the O:2 (A) serogroup. Serovar Paratyphi A is one of the serovars of Salmonella that cause enteric fever and incidence of Paratyphi A causing enteric fever have been increasing in recent years, especially in developing countries.

NCBI PD link for serovar Paratyphi A:

Genetic characteristics:

Paratyphi A isolates have been found to be resistant to flouroquinolones. A few isolates have been shown to be resistant to azithromycin.

Animal reservoir:

Infections with serovar Paratyphi A are restricted to humans.

Geographical distribution:

Serovar Paratyphi A is found worldwide, primarily in middle- and low-income countries like Pakistan, Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. However, it has also been found in Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Human outbreaks:

Year	Location	Associated source	Number of cases
2014	India	Not identified¹	43
2010-2011	China	Uncooked vegetables irrigated with contaminated water	601
2009	Israel	Kosher food venue²	37
2004	China	Unboiled water³	394 (suspected)
1995	India	Vegetarian food⁴	33

¹ An unusual Salmonella Paratyphi A variety durazzo (2,12:a:-) was associated with this outbreak.

² The outbreak involved 37 Israeli travelers to Nepal. All of them developed bacteremia.

³ Among 394 suspected cases, 95.5% of them were students.

⁴ An unusual Salmonella Paratyphi A variety durazzo (2,12:a:-) was associated with this outbreak.

Border rejections: There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar.

Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.

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Salmonella Paratyphi A