Salmonella Manhattan

Background information:  Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Manhattan (antigenic formula 6,8:d:1,5) is a serovar of the O:6,8 (C₂) serogroup. Between 2017 and 2018, serovar Manhattan represented nearly half (46.7%) of all Salmonella isolated from broiler chickens in Japan, a trend that persisted with its detection in chicken breast in 2021.

NCBI PD link for serovar Manhattan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Manhattan%22)

Genetic characteristics: A newly discovered Salmonella Manhattan phage, vB_Sal_M467, was isolated and was found to be stable across various temperatures and pH levels with strong lytic activity against 12 different Salmonella serotypes, including key proteins like lysozyme, holin, and endopeptidase Rz protein. Additionally, it effectively controlled Salmonella Manhattan contamination in milk, apple juice, and lettuce.

Animal reservoir: Pigs and chickens are potential reservoirs for serovar Manhattan. Serovar Manhattan was also found in turtles (chelonians), and other reptiles including Iguanas (Conolophus subcristatus), captive Andros and Bahamian rock iguanas (Cyclura cychlura and Cychlura rileyi).  

Geographical distribution: According to the metadata from NCBI PD, serovar Manhattan has been reported worldwide. 

Human outbreaks:

¹ This outbreak involved multiple serovars including Salmonella Agona, Alachua, Altona, Anatum, Braenderup, Enteritidis, Infantis, Manhattan, Montevideo, Muenchen, Newport, and Oranienburg. The number of cases here does not apply only to infections caused by serovar Manhattan.

² Salmonella Heidelberg and Manhattan were both found.

Border rejections: There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar.

Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.

Relevant links:

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X22000199?via%3Dihub
2. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/foodsafetyfscj/12/3/12_D-24-00002/_article
3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643825003019#bib34
4. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.912693/full
5. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/genomea.00632-13
6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7273603/
7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11731161/
8. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.72.5.3771-3773.2006
9. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2021-multistate-outbreak-of-salmonella-manhattan-infections-source-unknown
10. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/backyardpoultry-05-19/index.html
11. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.02930-14
12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17206024/
13. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esw.02.09.01252-en
14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0399077X98800164