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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (antigenic formula 6,7,14:r:1,5) is a serovar of the O:7 (C1) serogroup. S. Infantis is commonly found in chickens and  broiler flocks. In addition, outbreaks caused by S. Infantis have been associated with pet food and treats. In European countries, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of S. Infantis was disseminated; this strain emerged from broilers in Hungary (Hungarian clone of S. Infantis). Resistant pattern of this Hungarian clone included resistance to: nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulphonamide, and tetracycline. In Italy, an MDR strain of S. Infantis that showed resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, kanamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole emerged in 2005-06.

NCBI PD link for serovar Infantis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Infantis%22)

In the U.S. and Europe, it ranks among the top ten serovars. S. Infantis has been reported in North America (U.S. and Canada), South America (Argentina, Brazil), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand), Europe (The Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, and Russia), and Asia (Japan).

Genetic characteristics: 

Animal reservoir: The main animal reservoir of serovar Infantis is poultry; however, at least one of Infantis clade is associated with swine. 

Geographical distribution: Serovar Infantis is distributed globally and is a common serovar in a number of countries. 

Outbreaks: Numerous outbreaks linked to poultry have been reported mainly in the US and Canada. Here are some examples.

Year

Location

Associated source

Number of cases

2024US: multistateBackyard poultry1470
2019US: multistateRaw chicken129
2017US: multistatePapaya24

2013

Germany

Raw pork products

267

2013

US: multistate

Live poultry3

158

2012

US: multistate & Canada

Dry dog food

49

2012

US: multistate

Live poultry4

195

1999

Canada

Pig ear dog treats

30

1 Multiple serovars, including Salmonella Altona, Cerro, Enteritidis, Indiana, Infantis, Johannesburg, Mbandaka, and Typhimurium, were linked to this outbreak. The case number represents the total number of cases associated with the outbreak and does not specifically indicate the number of people infected by Salmonella Infantis.

2 This outbreak involved both Salmonella Newport (3 cases) and Infantis (1 case).

3 Salmonella Infantis, Lille, Newport, and Mbandaka were reported from 30 states.

4 Salmonella Infantis, Newport, and Lille were reported from 27 states.

Border rejections: Multiple border rejections linked to serovar Infantis have been reported. Majority of them are associated with poultry. Here are some examples.

Year

Exporting country

Importing country

Associated source

Product category

2024PolandItalyFrozen chicken meat1Poultry meat and poultry meat products
2023PolandGermanyDog chewsPet food
2020BrazilGermanyBlack pepper2Herbs and spices
2020RussiaFinlandMaizeFeed materials

1 Salmonella Enteritidis and Infantis were both found. 

2 Salmonella Infantis and Panama were both found. 

Recalls: Multiple recalls linked to serovar Infantis have been reported. Majority of them are associated with poultry. Here are some examples.

YearLocationRecalled foodType
2023SlovakiaChicken eggs from Czech RepublicEggs and egg products
2023Czech RepublicChicken breast from UkrainePoultry meat and poultry meat products
2021US: WAUncured antipasto products Meat and meat products (other than poultry)
2021NorwayFrozen fish (Gourami) from VietnamFish and fish products

Relevant links:

  1. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.01913-24
  2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160523002131
  3. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/backyardpoultry-05-24/investigation.html
  4. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/infantis-10-18/index.html
  5. http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/salmonella/newport-09-17/index.html
  6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9150579/
  7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5779341/
  8. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/dog-food-05-12/index.html
  9. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6211a5.htm#:~:text=Initial%20investigations%20indicated%20many%20of%20the%20ill,live%20poultry%20(e.g.%2C%20chicks%20and%20ducklings)%20from
  10. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_218.html
  11. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/731338
  12. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/641450
  13. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/446128
  14. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/429768
  15. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/646586
  16. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2023/10/czech-officials-find-salmonella-in-chicken-from-brazil-11-tons-recalled/
  17. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/recalls-alerts/fratelli-beretta-usa-inc.-recalls-ready-eat-uncured-antipasto-meat-products-due
  18. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/483014
  19. http://lohmann-information.com/content/l_i_45_artikel15.pdf
  20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22564450
  21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21821397
  22. http://analytics.foodtrack.net/cgi-bin/read?rid=MjAxOTAyMjExMzQ0Rk9PRFRSQ0tCVUxMRVRTXzAyMjExOUw0MjY=&style=html&source=email
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