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Created by
Brad Yang, last updated on Mar 17, 2025
2 minute read
Background:
Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae is associated with reptiles. Although several papers describe Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae, they do not provide sufficient information at the serovar level. For instance, Mahajan et al. reported a fatal case of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae gastroenteritis in an infant with microcephaly; however, they only mentioned the isolation of S. enterica subsp. arizonae without specifying the serovar. As a result, we cannot include this information in our Wiki. In the US, among non-subsp. enterica serovars, both serovar IIIa 18:z4,z23:- and IIIa 41:z4,z23:- are most frequently linked to human illness, with each serovar contributing to 10–20 cases annually.
NCBI PD link for serovar IIIa 41:z4,z23:-: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=IIIa%2041:z4,z23:-%22)
Genetic characteristics: Serovar IIIa 41:z4,z23:- is highly polyphyletic, with five lineages identified across clades B and C. Additionally, one of these lineages is paraphyletic, with a single lineage of serovar IIIa 44:z4,z23:- nested within it. Among the 15 genomes of serovar IIIa 41:z4,z23:-, seven distinct prophages were identified.
Animal reservoir: Unknown; however, based on host information from the NCBI PD metadata, serovar IIIa 41:z4,z23:- has primarily been isolated from dogs and wild animals, such as snakes and birds (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). Additionally, two isolates were collected from chicken (n=1) and turkey (n=1), respectively.
Geographical distribution: Serovar IIIa 41:z4,z23:- has been reported in the US, Canada, and Europe including Germany, Ireland, and the UK.
Human outbreaks: Not clear, at least no recent human outbreaks linked to this serovar have been reported.
Border rejections: There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar.
Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.
Relevant links: