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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:i:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup.  There is one One variant named S. Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen, which lacks the factor 5 in the O antigen (1,4,12:i:1,2). This serovar was named Typhimurium because it produces “Typhi Typhi like symptoms in the murine (mouse) model. In humans, it is frequently associated with acute gastroenteritis. S. Typhimurium has been used as model to understand the pathogenicity of Salmonella. Salmonella Typhimurium is the most extensively studied serovar for nontyphoidal salmonellosis and has emerged as the primary model for nontyphoidal Salmonella research. The S. Typhimurium LT2 strain has been particularly well-characterized and remains widely used in research since the 1940s. Both Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis dominate global human salmonellosis cases, despite regional differences in prevalence. 

 Serovar Typhimurium can cause disease in a wide range of hosts and invasive strains have been reported in some countries in Africa. This serovar is classified according to the susceptibility to typing phages, in definite phage types (DT); one common DT DT (DT104) has been found to have resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide and tetracycline (ACSSuT resistance type). In England, two outbreaks caused by a multidrug resistant (MDR) strain (ASSuTTm resistant type) of S. Typhimurium DT120 occurred in 2011.

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³ This recall was caused by a multistate outbreak described above. Peanut Corporation of America’s Blakely, GA and TX issued a recall of their commercially distributed peanut butter.

Relevant links:

1. https://academic.oup.com/jac/article-abstract/51/1/180/771276?redirectedFrom=fulltext
2. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/deliver/fulltext/micro/171/1/mic001521.pdf?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001521&mimeType=application/pdf#:~:text=xylose%20lysine%20deoxycholate.-,TAXONOMY,before%20the%20Kauffmann–White%20scheme.
3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457901013752?via%3Dihub
4. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01368/full
5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC127920/
6. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2010.0787?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
7. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/cucumbers-11-24/index.html
8. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/backyardpoultry-05-24/investigation.html#:~:text=As%20of%20June%2020%2C%202024,No%20deaths%20have%20been%20reported.
9. https://www.food-safety.com/articles/10195-salmonella-outbreak-linked-to-sprouts-sickened-509-people-over-two-years-in-ten-european-countries
10. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/typhimurium-02-18/index.html
11. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/typhimurium-03-18/index.html
12. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/typhimurium-live-poultry-04-13/index.html
13. https://marlerclark.com/macomb-county-salmonella-outbreak-traced-to-ground-beef#:~:text=At%20least%2022%20people%20from,for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention.
14. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/salmonella-found-in-ottawa-caterer-s-ground-beef-1.1150870#:~:text=Social%20Sharing,week%20while%20the%20investigation%20continues.
15. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/typhimurium-hedgehogs-09-12/index.html#:~:text=of%20this%20outbreak.-,A%20total%20of%2026%20persons%20infected%20with%20the%20outbreak%20strain,%2C%20and%20Washington%20(7).
16. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/typhimurium-cantaloupe-08-12/index.html#:~:text=illness%20is%20reported.-,Recall,although%20further%20shipment%20was%20likely.
17. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/2011/ground-beef-2-1-2012.html#:~:text=The%20outbreak%20strain%20of%20Salmonella,Salmonella%20Infection%20for%20more%20details.
18. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/2011/water-frog-7-20-2011.html
19. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2013.1513#:~:text=Between%20July%20and%20September%202011,two%20discrete%20but%20linked%20outbreaks.
20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23611032/
21. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/canterbury-england-unknown-2009
22. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/2009/peanut-butter-2008-2009.html
23. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/745843
24. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/673450
25. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/613462
26. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/466440
27. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/522451
28. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/423186
29. https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/outbreak-investigation-salmonella-cucumbers-november-2024
30. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/643944
31. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/558911
32. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/471210
33. https://marlerclark.com/news_events/salmon#:~:text=Peanut%20Corporation%20of%20America%20Peanut%20Butter%20Salmonella%20Outbreak%20Lawsuits%20%2D%20Nationwide,PCA

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