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Paratyphi A isolates have been found to be resistant to flouroquinolones. A few isolates have been shown to be resistant to azithromycin.
Animal reservoir: Infections with serovar Paratyphi A are restricted to humans.
Geographical distribution: Serovar Paratyphi A is A has been found worldwide, primarily in middle- and low-income countries like Pakistan, Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. However, it has also been found in Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Human outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | India | Not identified1 | 43 |
| 2010-2011 | China | Uncooked vegetables irrigated with contaminated water | 601 |
| 2009 | Israel | Kosher food venue2 | 37 |
| 2004 | China | Unboiled water3 | 394 (suspected) |
| 1995 | India | Vegetarian food4 | 33 |
1 An unusual Salmonella Paratyphi A variety durazzo (2,12:a:-) was associated with this outbreak.
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Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.
Relevant Links:
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37274527/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0255085720301511?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-2&rr=9426415809c0fbfb
- https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003859
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24198224/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6528785/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8714142/
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