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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka (antigenic formula 6,7,14:z10z₁₀:e,n,z15z₁₅) is a serovar of the O:7(C₁) serogroup. Serovar Mbandaka was reported to cause travel-associated  sacroiliac osteomyelitis in a healthy adolescent. 

NCBI PD link for serovar Mbandaka: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Mbandaka%22)

Genetic characteristics: Salmonella Mbandaka . This serovar has been frequently isolated from poultry production environments. Salmonella ser. Mbandaka can be classified into two major groups. However, clustering of these groups and their subgroups were not associated with any patterns based on the host or geographical origin. A study found that all isolates contained a uniform virulence gene repertoire. This serovar is multi-drug resistant. 

Animal reservoir: Serovar Mbandaka was primarily found in poultry. It has been reported Chicken is the main reservoir for serovar Mbandaka. This serovar was also isolated from other animals (pigs, cattle, fish, wild birds, and canine). 

Geographical distribution: Serovar Mbandaka has been found around worldreported worldwide.

Human outbreaks: Numerous outbreaks in different countries have been linked to serovar Mbandaka, imported spices have been associated with several of these outbreaks. Below are some examples. 

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³ A total of 16 cases with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Montevideo (four persons) or Salmonella Mbandaka (12 persons) were reported from nine states.

⁴ Salmonella Infantis, Lille, Newport, and Mbandaka were involved in this outbreak. The case number represents the total number of cases associated with the outbreak and does not specifically indicate the number of people infected by Salmonella Mbandaka.

Border rejections: Multiple border rejections linked to serovar Mbandaka have been reported. Below are some examples.

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¹ This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak described above. Kellogg company voluntarily recalled their 15.3 oz. and 23 oz. packages of honey smacks cereal.

Relevant links:

1. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2013/543147
2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39807938/
3. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/backyardpoultry-05-24/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/backyardpoultry-05-24/index.html
4. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-outbreak-assessment-multi-country-outbreak-salmonella-mbandaka-st413-linked#:~:text=European%20Centre%20for%20Disease%20Prevention,first%20update%20%2D%2021%20March%202024.
5. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/mbandaka-06-18/index.html
6. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/montevideo-tahini-05-13/index.html#:~:text=Investigation%20of%20the%20Outbreak,-During%20routine%20product&text=tahini%20sesame%20paste.-,Additional%20testing%20by%20the%20FDA%20isolated%20Salmonella%20Mbandaka%20from%20imported,recalled%20its%20tahini%20sesame%20paste.
7. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7033a1.htm
8. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6310a4.htm
9. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/728058
10. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/672949
11. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/604602
12. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/482582
13. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/711679
14. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/693421
15. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/613060
16. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/593511
17. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/559826
18. https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/kellogg-company-voluntarily-recalls-honey-smacks-cereal-due-possible-health-risk
19. http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2013/05/salmonella-linked-to-tahini-sickens-8-across-country/#.WVvXMPnyuUl
20. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/montevideo-tahini-05-13/
21. http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2013/05/two-multistate-salmonella-outbreaks-linked-to-live-poultry-expand/#.WVvYSfnyuUk
22. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/604602

1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36853053/
2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36586112/
3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35722838/
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35255093/
5. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7033a1.htm?s_cid=mm7033a1_w
6. https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-14-365https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criid/2013/543147/
7. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2021.0018?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653644/https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/backyardpoultry-05-24/index.html
9. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13174

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