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Geographical distribution: Serovar Gaminara has been found in Africa, Singapore, and the U.S.

OutbreaksHuman outbreaks: Outbreaks have been associated with S. Gaminara. 

1: Salmonella Hartford was also associated with the outbreak. 

2: A total of 220 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Thompson (144), Salmonella Kiambu (54), Salmonella Agona (12), Salmonella Gaminara (7), or Salmonella Senftenberg (3) were reported from 23 states. 

Border rejections: Multiple border rejections associated with serovar Gaminara have been reported and they are all linked to black pepper from Brazil. Here are some examples.

¹ Salmonella Gaminara, Matadi and Poona were found. 

² Salmonella Gaminara, Saintpaul, and Javiana were found.

³ Salmonella Gaminara, Minnesota, and Newport were found.

Recalls:

¹ FDA found Salmonella Gaminara, Kentucky, and Oranienburg serovars in product samples. Salud Natural Entrepreneur, Inc issued the recall. 

Relevant links and references:

1. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/469498
2. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/466524
3. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/464612
4. https://listserv.state.nv.us/scripts/wa.exe?A2=ind2001&L=FOODSAFEPARTNER&D=0&H=A&P=937
5. https://journals.lww.com/infectdis/fulltext/2007/09000/salmonella_gaminara_osteomyelitis_and_septic.13.aspx
6. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-07-17/index.html
7. https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/cornwell_claudia_m_200112_ms.pdf
8. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.22270114v2.full
9. https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/39857-more-bad-news-even-orange-juice-is-a-risk-for-i-salmonellosis-i
10. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/265456/PMC2537894.pdf?sequence=1
11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363935706_Salmonella_spp_in_Chicken_Prevalence_Antimicrobial_Resistance_and_Detection_Methods