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Background:  Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kiambu (antigenic formula 1,4,12:z:1,5) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. Serovar Kiambu was found to be the most common Salmonella serovar in chicken in Ontario, Canada. 

Animal reservoir: S. Kiambu was isolated from chicken, dog, and cattle. 

Geographical distribution: This serovar has been found in Germany, the U.S., Canada, Grenada, Japan, and Australia.

Human outbreaks:

Year
Location
Associated Source
Number of Cases
2008USUnknown 32
2017US-multistateMaradol papayas imported from Mexico60
2023US-multistateDry dog food7


Border rejections: Multiple border rejections associated with serovar Kiambu were reported. They are all linked to black pepper imported from Brazil into Germany. Below are some examples. 

Year

Exporting country

Importing country

Associated source

Product category

2021BrazilGermanyBlack pepper1Herbs and spices
2021BrazilGermanyBlack pepper2Herbs and spices
2020BrazilGermanyBlack pepperHerbs and spices

1 Salmonella Rubislaw, Freetown, Kiambu, Newport, Poona and Sandiego O:5- were found. 

2 Salmonella Kiambu, Ealing, and Newport were found. 

Recalls: 

Year

Location

Associated source

Type

2023US: multistateDry dog food1Pet food

1 This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak described above. Multiple brands including Victor, Eagle Mountain, Wayne Feeds, and some Member's Mark varieties issued a recall. 

Relevant links:

  1. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/522349
  2. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/471644
  3. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/451084
  4. https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/outbreaks-and-advisories/fda-and-cdc-investigate-cases-salmonella-linked-pet-food-made-mid-america-pet-food-multiple-brands
  5. https://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/Outbreaks/ucm568097.htm
  6. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-07-17/index.html
  7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X15010307
  8. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.01923-22
  9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022101078X
  10. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2021-47/issue-5-6-may-june-2021/salmonella-enterica-canada-2006-2019.html
  11. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/MRA.00335-20
  12. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-cdi3201o.htm
  13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320985716_Serovars_and_antimicrobial_resistance_of_non-typhoidal_Salmonella_isolated_from_non-diarrhoeic_dogs_in_Grenada_West_Indies
  14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1151792/
  15. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/521346
  16. https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc3675922
  17. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2020-10/Salmonella-Serotype-Annual-2014.pdf
  18. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-11-23/details.html


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