*{+}Background:+* _Salmonella_ Stanley (antigenic formula: 1,4,\[5\],12,\[27\]:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. _S._ Stanley is a predominant serovar in [South East Asia|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205822], which appears to have spread to Europe. Initial cases in [Denmark|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205822] were associated with patients that traveled to Thailand; however, multiple outbreaks in Europe associated with different sources ([poultry|http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/publications/20120921_rra_stanley_salmonella.pdf], [cheese|http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=18979], [alfalfa sprouts|http://www.sproutnet.com/Salmonella-Stanley-in-Sweden]) suggest that _S._ Stanley has been dispersed in Europe. In Asia, cases have been found in [children|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932601] under the age of 5. Multidrug resistant strains that encode extended spectrum [beta-lactamases|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205822] (enzymes that confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin) have been reported in clinical cases in Asia and Europe. |
Animal reservoir: Pork was found to be the source of S. Stanley in Thailand, but outbreaks associated with turkey indicate that turkey is also a reservoir.
Geographical distribution: S. Stanley is prevalent in Asia, this serovar has been reported in Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, and Malaysia. In Europe, cases reported in Denmark were attributed to traveling to Asia.
Outbreaks: Multiple outbreaks have been linked to S. Stanley in Europe. In the US a recent outbreak linked with S. Stanley caused 14 cases and a recall of raw cashew cheese. In the EU an outbreak that last for 17 months appears to continue since cases with the same strain (identical PFGE) have been reported in 2014.
Year |
Location |
Associated source |
Number of cases |
2013-14 |
US-multistate |
Raw cashew cheese |
14 |
2011-13 |
EU-multi-country |
Turkey |
710 |
2007 |
Sweden |
Alfalfa sprouts |
51 |
2006-07 |
Switzerland |
Soft cheese |
82 |
2004 |
Australia |
Unknown |
33 |
2001 |
UK (Newport & Stanley) |
Peanuts |
109 |
Relevant links: