*{+}Background:+* _Salmonella_ Stanley (antigenic formula: 1,4,\[5\],12,\[27\]:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. _S._ Stanley is a predominant serovar in [South East Asia|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205822], which appears to have spread to Europe. Initial cases in [Denmark|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205822] were associated with patients that traveled to Thailand; however, multiple outbreaks in Europe associated with different sources ([poultry|http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/publications/20120921_rra_stanley_salmonella.pdf], [cheese|http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=18979], [alfalfa sprouts|http://www.sproutnet.com/Salmonella-Stanley-in-Sweden]) suggest that _S._ Stanley has been dispersed in Europe. In Asia, cases have been found in [children|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932601] under the age of 5. Multidrug resistant strains that encode extended spectrum [beta-lactamases|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205822] (enzymes that confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin) have been reported in clinical cases in Asia and Europe. |
Animal reservoir: Pork was found to be the source of S. Stanley in Thailand, but outbreaks associated with turkey indicate that turkey is also a reservoir.
Geographical distribution: S. Stanley is prevalent in Asia, this serovar has been reported in Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, and Malaysia. In Europe, cases reported in Denmark were attributed to traveling to Asia.
Outbreaks: Multiple outbreaks have been linked to S. Stanley in Europe. In the US a recent outbreak linked with S. Stanley caused 14 cases and a recall of raw cashew cheese.
Year |
Location |
Associated source |
Number of cases |
2013-14 |
US-multistate |
Raw cashew cheese |
14 |
2012 |
EU-multi-country |
Poultry |
167 |
2007 |
Sweden |
Alfalfa sprouts |
51 |
2006-07 |
Switzerland |
Soft cheese |
82 |
2004 |
Australia |
Unknown |
33 |
2001 |
UK (Newport & Stanley) |
Peanuts |
109 |
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