Salmonella IIIa 41:z4,z23:-

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae serovar 41:z₄,z₂₃:- (antigenic formula 41:z₄,z₂₃:-) is a serovar of the O:41 (S) serogroup. Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae is associated with reptiles. Interestingly, all Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae serovars are monophasic, retaining only a phase 1 H antigen. Although several papers describe Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae, they do not provide sufficient information at the serovar level. For instance, Mahajan et al. reported a fatal case of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae gastroenteritis in an infant with microcephaly; however, they only mentioned the isolation of S. enterica subsp. arizonae without specifying the serovar. As a result, we cannot include this information in our Wiki. In the US, among non-subsp. enterica serovars, both serovar IIIa 18:z₄,z₂₃:- and IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:- are most frequently linked to human illness, with each serovar contributing to 10–20 cases annually. A study focus on Occurrence and Distribution of Serotypes of the Arizona Subgroup of Salmonella Strains in the United States from 1967 to 1976 and among 12 IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:- isolates, 6 are intestinal while the rest 6 are extraintestinal. A study focusing on the occurrence and distribution of serotypes within the arizonae subgroup of Salmonella strains in the United States from 1967 to 1976 reported that, among 12 IIIa 41:z4,z23:- isolates they found, 6 were intestinal and the remaining 6 were extraintestinal.

NCBI PD link for serovar IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:-: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=IIIa%2041:z4,z23:-%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:- has been found to be polyphyletic with four lineages identified and one stand-alone singleton that does not cluster with any other Salmonella IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:- isolates. Similarly, another study also found that serovar IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:- is highly polyphyletic, with five lineages identified across clades B and C. Additionally, one of these lineages is paraphyletic, with a single lineage of serovar IIIa 44:z₄,z₂₃:- nested within it. Among the 15 genomes of serovar IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:-, seven distinct prophages were identified.

Animal reservoir: Unknown; however, based on host information from the NCBI PD metadata, serovar IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:- has primarily been isolated from dogs and wild animals, such as snakes and birds (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). Additionally, two isolates were collected from chicken (n=1) and turkey (n=1), respectively.

Geographical distribution: Serovar IIIa 41:z₄,z₂₃:- has been reported in the US, Canada, and Europe including Germany, Ireland, and the UK.

Human outbreaks: Not clear, at least no recent human outbreaks linked to this serovar have been reported.

Border rejections: There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar.

Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.

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Salmonella IIIa 41:z4,z23:-