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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Panama (antigenic formula 1,9,12:l,v:1,5) is a serovar of the O:9 (D1) serogroup. Serovar Panama was first identified in 1931 after being isolated during a foodborne outbreak affecting US military personnel stationed in Panama. In Taiwan, a case of neonatal meningitis caused by serovar Panama was linked to consumption of contaminated breast milk. Serovar Panama has been found to be an invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovar. 

NCBI PD link for serovar Panama: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Panama%22)

Genetic characteristics: 

Animal reservoir: Serovar Panama demonstrates a broad host range, including swine, cattle, reptiles, and amphibians.

Geographical distribution: Serovar Panama has been widely distributed globally.

Human outbreaks: Multiple human outbreaks linked to serovar Panama have been reported. Below are some example.

Year

Location

Associated source

Number of cases

2023

US: KY

Not reported9

2017

Costa Rica

Not identified5

2015-2016

Taiwan

Not identified41

2011

US: multistate

Cantaloupes from Guatemala20

2001

US: TX

Barbeque chicken109

1931

Panama

Not identifiedAbout 40

Border rejections: 

Year

Exporting country

Importing country

Associated source

Product category

2020BrazilGermanyBlack pepper1Herbs and spices

1 Salmonella Infantis and Panama were found. 

Recalls: 

YearLocationRecalled productType
2011US: multistateCantaloupes1Fruits and vegetables

1 This recall was caused by a multistate outbreak described above. Del Monte issued a recall of nearly 60,000 cantaloupes that were grown and shipped from the Del Monte Fresh farm Asuncion Mita in Guatemala.

Relevant links:

  1. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/55/2/224/903312?login=true
  2. https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jcm.43.10.5400-5402.2005
  3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664621003144
  4. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6704606/
  5. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2023-outbreak-of-salmonella-panama-infections-associated-with-a-food-truck-kentucky
  6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6385320/
  7. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/2011/cantaloupes-6-23-2011.html
  8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC120641/
  9. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/446128
  10. https://marlerclark.com/news_events/del-monte-fresh-produce-cantaloupe-salmonella-outbreak-2


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