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Created by
Brad Yang, last updated on Nov 26, 2024
2 minute read
Background information: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum (antigenic formula 1,9,12:–:–) is a serovar of the O:9 (D1) serogroup. This serovar has two biovars: biovar Gallinarum, and biovar.
Other than being derived from animal samples described below, serovar Gallinarum was also isolated from
In silico serotyping tools used by NCBI PD cannot differentiate between Gallinarum and Enteritidis, nor can they distinguish at the biovar level. Additional genetic features need to be incorporated for accurate serotyping. NCBI PD link for serovar Gallinarum or Enteritidis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Gallinarum%20or%20Enteritidis%22)
Genetic characteristics: According to the EU One Health Zoonoses Report, in 2019, out of 22 Gallinarum isolates, only one exhibited high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 4 mg/L. Gallinarum sequence type (ST) 2559 has been linked to a prolonged multi-country outbreak associated with the consumption of tomatoes in the European Union, European Economic Area, and the UK.
Animal reservoir: Serovar Gallinarum has been found in wild boar, cattle, dogs, and laying hens.
Geographical distribution: Serovar Gallinarum has been reported in European countries, such as Denmark, Germany, the UK, and Italy, as well as in the US.
Outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
Europe: multi-country & UK | Tomatoes | 2321 | |
Europe: multi-country | Datterino tomatoes | 712 |
1 A total of 232 confirmed cases of serovar Gallinarum ST2559 have been reported across 16 EU/EEA countries. The cases were distributed as follows: Austria (33), Croatia (3), Czechia (10), Denmark (9), Estonia (1), Germany (62), Finland (3), France (23), Ireland (1), Italy (67), Luxembourg (2), the Netherlands (2), Norway (3), Slovakia (5), Slovenia (2), and Sweden (6). Additionally, 29 cases were reported in the United Kingdom.
2 Denmark reported 43 cases, while an additional 28 cases were documented across Germany, Italy, Austria, and Belgium.
Border rejections: There have been no border rejections linked to this serovar.
Recalls: There have been no recalls linked to this serovar.
Relevant links: