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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B (antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:b:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. The classification scheme of serovar Paratyphi B has changed over time since infections associated with this serovar were first reported in the late 1800s. Serovar Paratyphi B can be classified by its ability to ferment tartrate. Serovar Paratyphi B (tartrate negative) is associated with paratyphoid fever and infections with this serovar are not common in the US. Serovar Paratyphi B (tartrate positive), formerly serovar Java, is associated with gastroenteritis and can also be written as serovar Paratyphi B var. L(+) tartrate+. Serovar Paratyphi B has also been found in some animals such as dogs and in pet fish tanks.
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Genetic Characteristics: Serovar Paratyphi B has been found to be polyphyletic with four phylogenetic groups lineages identified. A study of 568 isolates found that antimicrobial resistance is fairly recent for this serovar and is mostly related to resistance to quinolones. Serovar Paratyphi B sequence type 28 has been highly found in poultry from Europe and Latin America with resistance to beta-lactams and quinolones.
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Geographical distribution: Serovar Paratyphi B has been found worldwideis widely distributed and had been reported in North America (US, Canada, Mexico), South America (Brazil, Colombia), Europe (UK, France, Denmark), Africa (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), Asia (India, South Korea, Japan), and Australia.
Outbreaks: Several outbreaks have been associated with S. Paratyphi B.
| Year | Location | Associated Sourcesource | Number of Casescases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | US: Multistate | Sprouted nut butter spread | 13 |
| 2015 | US: Multistate | Frozen raw tuna | 65 |
| 2012 | US: Multistate | Tempeh | 63 |
| 1999 | Canada | Alfalfa sprouts | 51 |
| 1986 | UK | Food Handler | 3 |
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Year | Exporting country | Importing country | Associated source | Product category |
| 2024 | Germany | Italy | Frozen chicken legs | Poultry meat and poultry meat products |
| 2023 | Netherlands | Italy | Frozen chicken mince | Poultry meat and poultry meat products |
| 2021 | Netherlands | Italy | Chicken drumsticks | Poultry meat and poultry meat products |
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- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54418-4
- https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/salmonella-paratyphi-infection-2019/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3291456/
- https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/19-1121_article
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full
- https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-05-15/index.html
- https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-12-15/index.html
- https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/05/rare-salmonella-paratyphi-outbreak-grows-as-investigation-continues/
- https://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/H12-21-27-16.pdf
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268800030843
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- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/salmonella-enterica-serovar-paratyphi-b
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2514109/
- https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13174
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/614380
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/467929
- https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-12-15/advice.html