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ANC CONTROL
Materials and Methods
The ANC experimental setup consisted of the water source, a peristaltic pump, the limefeeder, and a pH probe. The water source was either tap water or distilled water, depending on the experiment. Distilled water has a much lower concentration of carbonates compared to tap water and is used to simulate water conditions in Honduras. It can be found in the hydraulics laboratory.
The peristaltic pump was run by Process Controller. The file can be found here in the Process Controller Method. The tube size was 18 and flow rate could be changed. In the first type of setup (as seen below in Fig 1), the limefeeder was just a vertical column. In the second setup (as seen in Fig 2), the limefeeder was a vertical column attached to a tube with a 22.5 degree angle with respect to the vertical axis. The pH probe measured the pH of the effluent and was calibrated with buffers of pH 4, 7, and 10. The file to set up the probe can be found here in the pH probe file.
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CONTROL h2. Materials and Methods The ANC experimental setup consisted of the water source, a peristaltic pump, the limefeeder, and a pH probe. The water source was either tap water or distilled water, depending on the experiment. Distilled water has a much lower concentration of carbonates compared to tap water and is used to simulate water conditions in Honduras. It can be found in the hydraulics laboratory. The peristaltic pump was run by [Process Controller|https://confluence.cornell.edu/display/AGUACLARA/Process+Controller]. The file can be found here in the [Process Controller Method|^ANC exp 11-18-09.pcm]. The tube size was 18 and flow rate could be changed. In the first type of setup (as seen below in Fig 1), the limefeeder was just a vertical column. In the second setup (as seen in Fig 2), the limefeeder was a vertical column attached to a tube with a 22.5 degree angle with respect to the vertical axis. The pH probe measured the pH of the effluent and was calibrated with buffers of pH 4, 7, and 10. The file to set up the probe can be found here in the [pH probe|^pHprobe.pcm] file. !Limefeeder.jpg|width=551,height=413! {float:left}* Figure 1. Type I Setup. Limefeeder was a vertical column.{float} !Limefeeder2.png|width=586,height=439! |
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{float:left}* Figure 2. Type II Setup. Limefeeder was a combined vertical and angled tube.{float}
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There
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were
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two
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types
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of
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hydrated
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lime
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used
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in
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these
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experiments.
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The
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first
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type was high purity hydrated lime,
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containing
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96%
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calcium
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hydroxide.
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The
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second
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had
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only
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70%
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calcium
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hydroxide.
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Lime
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was
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measured
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on
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the
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scale
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and
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then
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introduced
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from
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the
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top
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of
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the
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limefeeder
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either
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in
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powder
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form
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or
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in
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a
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lime
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slurry
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(lime
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mixed
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with
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water)
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for
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the
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second
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type
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of
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setup.
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After
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the
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lime
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was
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in
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the
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column,
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Process
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Controller
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turned
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the
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peristaltic
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pump
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on,
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starting
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the
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experiment.
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After
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the
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experiment
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was
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done,
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there
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would
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be
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an
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abundance
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of
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calcium
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carbonate
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settled
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on
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the
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bottom
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of
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the
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lime
...
feeder.
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To
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clean
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the
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column,
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the
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top
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was
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uncapped,
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water
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was
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sloshed
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around,
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and
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then
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emptied.
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Acid
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may
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be
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needed
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to
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clean
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the
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column
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for
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calcium
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carbonate
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residue.
...