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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B (antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:b:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. The classification scheme of serovar Paratyphi B has changed over time since infections associated with this serovar were first reported in the late 1800s. Serovar Paratyphi B can be classified by its ability to ferment tartrate. Serovar Paratyphi B (tartrate negative) is associated with paratyphoid fever and infections with this serovar are not common in the US. Serovar Paratyphi B (tartrate positive), formerly serovar Java, is associated with gastroenteritis and can also be written as serovar Paratyphi B var. L(+) tartrate+. Serovar Paratyphi B has also been found in some animals such as dogs and in pet fish tanks. 

NCBI PD link for serovar Paratyphi B: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Paratyphi%20B%22)

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Genetic Characteristics: Serovar Paratyphi B has been found to be polyphyletic with four phylogenetic groups identified.lineages identified. A study of 568 isolates found that antimicrobial resistance is fairly recent for this serovar and is mostly related to resistance to quinolones. Serovar Paratyphi B sequence type 28 has been highly found in poultry from Europe and Latin America with resistance to beta-lactams and quinolones. 

Animal reservoir: Serovar Paratyphi B is almost exclusively host restricted to humans and closely related anthropoids. Serovar Paratyphi B var. Java has been found in dogs. 

Geographical distribution: Serovar Paratyphi B has been found worldwideis widely distributed and had been reported in North America (US, Canada, Mexico), South America (Brazil, Colombia), Europe (UK, France, Denmark), Africa (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), Asia (India, South Korea, Japan), and Australia.

Outbreaks: Several outbreaks have been associated with S. Paratyphi B.

Border Rejections: 

Recalls: 

Relevant links:

1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54418-4
2. https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/salmonella-paratyphi-infection-2019/
3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3291456/
4. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/19-1121_article
5. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full
6. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-05-15/index.html
7. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-12-15/index.html
8. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/05/rare-salmonella-paratyphi-outbreak-grows-as-investigation-continues/
9. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/H12-21-27-16.pdf
10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268800030843
11. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/tag/salmonella-paratyphi-b/
12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/salmonella-enterica-serovar-paratyphi-b
13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2514109/
14. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13174
15. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/614380
16. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/467929
17. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-12-15/advice.html