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NCBI PD link for serovar Amsterdam: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20serovar:(%22Amsterdam%22)
Genetic characteristics: A total of 63 serovar Amsterdam isolates have been retrieved in meat-type ducks raised in a Thailand farm by Assawatheptawee et al. All these isolates were positive for the virulence genes sipB, prgH, spaN, orgA, spiA, pagC, msgA, sitC, invA, and sopB, but negative for pefA and spvB. The sifA gene was also absent. In a another study, Salmonella Amsterdam isolated from beef in Greater Tunis (n=2) has been found to possess the invasion gene invA, but none the spvC virulence gene. These two isolates were also found to show multidrug-resistance.
Animal reservoir: Serovar Amsterdam has been Unknown, but serovar Amsterdam was found in rats, cobras (Naja kaouthia), and ducks. According to the metadata from NCBI PD, it was also found in pigs and cattle.
Geographical distribution: Serovar Amsterdam has been found in Denmark, Germany, reported primarily in European countries such as the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. According to the metadata from NCBI PD, it has also been found occasionally in North America (US and Canada), Asia (Philippines and Thailand), and Australia.
Human outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
2019-2021 | Europe: multi-country | 121 |
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1 Salmonella Amsterdam and Salmonella Livingstone were found.
Relevant links :
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9445369/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309174016301371
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6358699/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22362530/
- https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6922#:~:text=Abstract,No%20deaths%20have%20been%20reported.
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/615422
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/568244
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/433397
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6358699/
- https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2021/10/u-s-and-canada-part-of-salmonella-outbreak-linked-to-tahini-and-halva/
- https://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/publications/hps-weekly-report/volume-55/issue-42/ecdc-rapid-risk-assessment-multi-country-outbreak-of-multiple-salmonella-enterica-serotypes-linked-to-imported-sesame-based-products/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9445369/