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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Reading (antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:e,h:1,5) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. Serovar Reading was first isolated in 1916 from water in in Reading, England. It has been implicated in foodborne illness, as well as a breast abscess, and a case of osteomyelitis.
NCBI PD link for serovar Reading: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Reading%22)
GeneticCharacteristics: Chen et al. found that serovar Reading is polyphyletic with three phylogenetic groups identified. A study of 988 isolates from the US described a highly adapted turkey clade among the 3 phylogenetic clades identified. They further identified an emergent subclade within the turkey clade with isolates from 2016-2019 and a found a difference in antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors gained from plasmids and phage-like sequences between the emergent and contemporary subclades. Multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates have been isolated from turkey samples and beef feedlots with resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins as well as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracycline. MDR isolates were also identified during the 2018 US multistate outbreak associated with turkey products.
Animal reservoir: Poultry and swine are the implicated reservoirs for serovar Reading, and it has been the cause of death in turkey poults.
...
Outbreaks: Several outbreaks linked to S. Reading have been reported.
| Year | Location | Associated Productproduct | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | US-multistate | Turkey Products | 358 |
| 2016 | US-multistate | Alfalfa sprouts | 361 |
| 2008 | Finland | Iceberg Lettuce | 10721072 |
| 1956-1957 | US-multistate | Unknown | 283 |
...
| Year | Location | Recalled product | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Germany, Denmark | Dried fenugreek leaves from India | Herbs and spices |
| 2018-2019 | US-multistate | Turkey products | Poultry meat and poultry meat products |
| 2016 | US-multistate | Alfalfa sprouts | produce |
...
Relevant links:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)29468-9
- http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/1/171.full.pdf+html
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.01913-24
- https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system/2018-narms-update-integrated-report-summary
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14751-9
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/reading-07-18/index.html
- https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/reading-07-18/index.html
- https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/reading-08-16/index.html
- https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-455
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/563154
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1951708/?page=10
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/672575