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Genetic characteristics: Serovar Rubislaw has been found to be polyphyletic with two phylogenetic groups lineages identified. Serovar Rubislaw is typically not associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical infections in humans. However,   in a survey of equine clinical isolates submitted to veterinary hospital in the Southern U.S., 4 out of 12 S. Rubislaw isolates examined in the study showed phenotypic resistance to several antibiotics routinely surveilled by the U.S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), including ampicillin, cetiofur, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Animal reservoir: S. Rubislaw has been isolated from various non-clinical non-human zoonotic reservoirs including reptiles, amphibians, and birds, and horses. Several human clinical infections of S. Rubislaw have been associated with contact with reptiles, including a human infection of S. Rubislaw in the U.S. that was linked to contact with iguanas.

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Border Rejections: Numerous border rejections associated with black pepper exported from Brazil were issued by Germany during 2020-2021. Some examples are list below: 

Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.

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1. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400027698
2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03121-3
3. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128937
4. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000895
5. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03743.x
6. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full
7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164402
8. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12018
9. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/462222482948
10. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/432927426452