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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gaminara (antigenic formula 16:d:1,7) is a serovar of the O:16 (I) serogroup. This serovar was commonly isolated from unpasteurized fruit and vegetable juices.can cause osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in infants. 

NCBI PD link for serovar Gaminara: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Gaminara%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Gaminara has been found to be paraphyletic. A non-Gaminara serovar, S. Welikade, clusters within serovar Gaminara. In the case of an infant infected withserovar Gaminara following exposure to a bearded dragon, the isolate was found to be susceptible to ampicillin, cefotaxime, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Treatment was initiated with parenteral ceftriaxone.

Animal reservoir:Salmonella Serovar Gaminara was found in chicken and bearded dragons.

Geographical distribution: Serovar Gaminara has been mainly found in the US and European countries such as the UK.

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Border rejections: Multiple border rejections associated with serovar Gaminara have been reported and they are all linked to serovar Gaminara were found only in black pepper from Brazil. Here are some examples.

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¹ FDA found Salmonella Gaminara, Kentucky, and Oranienburg serovars in product samples. Salud Natural Entrepreneur, Inc issued the recall. 

Relevant links and references::

1. https://journals.lww.com/infectdis/fulltext/2007/09000/salmonella_gaminara_osteomyelitis_and_septic.13.aspx
2. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full
3. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-07-17/index.html
4. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/188128
5. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/469498
6. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/466524
7. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/464612
8. https://listserv.state.nv.us/scripts/wa.exe?A2=ind2001&L=FOODSAFEPARTNER&D=0&H=A&P=937
9. https://journals.lww.com/infectdis/fulltext/2007/09000/salmonella_gaminara_osteomyelitis_and_septic.13.aspx
10. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.22270114v2.full
11. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/265456/PMC2537894.pdf?sequence=1
12. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363935706_Salmonella_spp_in_Chicken_Prevalence_Antimicrobial_Resistance_and_Detection_Methods