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NCBI PD link for serovar Virchow: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Virchow%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Virchow has been found to be polyphyletic with two lineages identified. Weinberger et al. revealed that only 6% of serovar Virchow isolates in their study were sensitive to all ten antibiotics evaluated. Resistance patterns varied, with 34% resistant to one antibiotic, 54% resistant to one to three agents, and 40% resistant to four to six agents. Notably, a substantial proportion of isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid (89%), streptomycin (56%), tetracycline (43%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38%), and chloramphenicol (28%). However, none exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone. Similarly, a Swiss study found that 48 serovar Virchow isolates (32%) showed resistance to 1-3 antibiotics, with a higher proportion (54 isolates, 36%) displaying resistance to more than three drugs. Resistance patterns remained stable throughout the study period (2004-2009). Nalidixic acid resistance was prevalent (62%), strongly suggesting concurrent decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Ciprofloxacin showed intermediate resistance, and ESBL production was rare (2 isolates).

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