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Background:  Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Haifa (antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:z₁₀:1,2) is a serovar of the group O:4 (B) serogroup. This serovar was first isolated from the feces of a 3-year-old Arabic child with enteritis in 1949 in Israel. It was linked to a case of fatal food intoxication in Japan. 

NCBI PD link for serovar Haifa: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Haifa%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Haifa has been found to be monophyletic. Salmonella Haifa isolates with bla_OXA-48-like was reported in Malta. SGI1 (Salmonella genomic island 1) variants have been identified in at least two additional Salmonella serotypes, Newport and Haifa, both isolated in Egypt. In an Egyptian study, a single Haifa isolate was identified as positive for the invA gene.

Animal reservoir: Unknown but serovar Haifa was isolated from cattle, poultry, and pigs. 

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Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.

Relevant links:

1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC385844/
2. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/yoken/58/3/58_JJID.2005.192/_article
3. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full
4. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/SALM_AER_2022_Report.pdf
5. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/204/5/675/799881
6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6702568/