Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive Norovirus is a viral foodborne pathogen1 that can cause foodborne disease. A publication by Scallan et al.2 in 2011 estimated that 55 5,461,731 human foodborne botulism norovirus cases, including 9 149 deaths, occur annually in the US.
Key laboratories studying various aspects of foodborne botulismnorovirus in the US and Canada include:
Arntzen laboratory, Arizona State Univsersity, USA.
Estes laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
Jaykus laboratory, North Carolina State University, USA.
Jiang laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA.
Key laboratories studying various aspects of foodborne botulism norovirus in Europe include:
Maunula laboratory, University of Helsinki, Finland.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands
Vesikari laboratory, University of Tampre Medical School, Finlad
Key laboratories studying various aspects of foodborne botulism norovirus in South and Latin America include:
Bucardo laboratory, National Autonomous University of Leon, Nicaragua
Key laboratories studying various aspects of foodborne botulism norovirus in Asia and Australia include:
National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China
Wright laboratory, Monash University, Australia.
Marshall laboratory, Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Australia.
Additional resources on Clostridium botulinum norovirus:
A number of key sources on Clostridium botulinum and botulism are available. sources on norovirus are available including:
A review of the clinical aspects of Norovirus caused gastroenteritis: Glass, R.I., U.D. Parashar, and M.K. Estes. 2009. Norovirus gastroenteritis_._ N Engl J Med. 361(18):1776-85.
A review the molecular and epidemiologic factors for Norovirus transmission: Koopmans, M. 2008. Progress in understanding norovirus epidemiology_._ Current opinion in infectious diseases. 21(5):544-52.
References
1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumNorovirus
2Scallan et al. 2011.Emerging Infectious Diseases 17:7-15 PMID:21192848