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NCBI PD link for serovar Uganda: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Uganda%22)

Genetic characteristics: In a Serovar Uganda has been found to be monophyletic. In a Nigerian study, four serovar Uganda strains were isolated from camels slaughtered in Maiduguri central abattoir . One strain showed resistance to and one of strains showed resistance to sulfamethoxazole. Serovar Uganda isolated from fish in India harbored multiple virulence genes, including orgA (oxygen-regulated, involved in host recognition and invasion), invE/A (SPI-1, essential for host cell invasion), ttrC (tetrathionate reductase, conferring a fitness advantage), ssaQ (SPI-2 T3SS secretion system component), mgtC (SPI-3, promoting intracellular survival in macrophages via Mg²⁺ transport), misL (SPI-3-encoded autotransporter adhesin, aiding intramacrophage survival), spi4R/spi4D (encoding a T1SS), sopB (SPI-1/SPI-5 T3SS effector facilitating bacterial internalization), pip (SPI-5 protein inducing intestinal inflammation and fluid secretion), hilA (SPI-1 T3SS regulator enhancing invasiveness), and stn (Salmonella enterotoxin), and pefA (fimbrial virulence factors). Brichta-Harhay et al. studied cattle processing plants in US and found the most prevalent multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes identified were Salmonella Newport (53.1%), Typhimurium (16.6%), and Uganda (10.9%). All MDR serovar Uganda isolates in their study exhibited resistance to cephalosporins (ceftiofur and cefoxitin), along with either reduced susceptibility or full resistance to ceftriaxone.

Animal reservoir: Unknown, according to the metadata from NCBI PD, cattle and pigs are potential reservoirs for serovar Uganda. Pigs and cattle remained the top two sources for non-human isolates.

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