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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kiambu (antigenic formula 1,4,12:z:1,5) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. Serovar Kiambu was found to be one of the most common Salmonella serovars in chicken in Ontario, Canada. . More specifically, an Canadian study revealed that serovar Kiambu was the most commonly identified serovar through CRISPR-SeroSeq and the third most frequently by culture in Ontario poultry farms. Interestingly, while previous studies on Ontario farms had rarely reported this serovar, these findings suggest that serovar Kiambu is an emerging but underreported serovar in Ontario's poultry production systems.
NCBI PD link for serovar Kiambu: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Kiambu%22)
Genetic characteristics: Serovar Kiambu has been found to be polyphyletic with one lineage identified and two stand-alone singletons that do not cluster with any other Salmonella Kiambu isolates. Two serovar Kiambu isolates were found to possess genomic island SGI1. SRC10 and SRC11 exhibited resistance to all antibiotics in the standard SGI1-containing DT104 set (Ap, Cm and Fl, Sm and Sp, Su, and Tc). These two isolates with two cassettes (aadA2 and blaP1) were additionally resistant to trimethoprim and also possessed dfrA10 and CR1.
Animal reservoir: The reservoir for serovar Kiambu remains unknown, but chickens may and cattle may be a potential hosthosts. This serovar has also been isolated from other animals, including cattle and pigs.
...
Human outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated Sourcesource | Number of Casescases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | US: multistate | Dry dog food | 7 |
| 2017 | US: multistate | Maradol papayas imported from Mexico | 2201 |
| 2007 | Australia | Unknown2 | 2 |
...
Year | Location | Associated source | Type |
| 2023 | US: multistate | Dry dog food1 | Pet food |
1 This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak described above. Multiple brands including Victor, Eagle Mountain, Wayne Feeds, and some Member's Mark varieties issued a recall.
Relevant links:
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.01923-22
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jb.187.13.4401-4409.2005
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full#h10
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35617326/#:~:text=When%20present%2C%20concentrations%20of%20Salmonella,%2C%20and%20Michigan%20(12.1%25).
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022101078X
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/dog-food-10-23/investigation.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-11-23/details.html
- https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-07-17/index.html
- https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-cdi3201o.htm
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/522349
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/471644
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/451084
- https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/outbreaks-and-advisories/fda-and-cdc-investigate-cases-salmonella-linked-pet-food-made-mid-america-pet-food-multiple-brands
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.01923-22
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022101078X
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1151792/
- https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc3675922