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Genetic characteristics: Serovar Panama has been found to be monophyletic. A recent study identified two distinct sub-lineages of serovar Panama, which fall under a known Asian lineage. Among the Australian isolates, 46 (51.7%) exhibited multi-drug resistance (resistance to three or more drug classes). A plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene, mcr1.1, was found in one Australian serovar Panama isolate, located on an IncI plasmid previously documented in Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains from poultry in Southeast Asia. Analysis of serovar Panama intracellular replication revealed diverse phenotypes. In THP-1 macrophages, despite limited uptake by host cells, serovar Panama replicated more efficiently over time compared to Salmonella Typhimurium.
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