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• A specific commercial lime composition + tap water.
• A specific commercial lime composition + distilled water.
Is suggested Another path to pursue is to change the apparatus and use tubes with big a bigger diameter, that will allow to increase the allowing for the increase of upflow velocity and to experiment with a higher amount of lime, making easy for . This would also let the water to flow in the vertical direction and avoiding avoid the fast expulsion of lime.
2. Change of apparatus design:
Another option is to develop a complete completely new design. As a suggestion, there is a lime feeder design described in the book "Surface Water Treatment for Communities in Developing Countries" by Schultz and Okun, 1992. According with to the authors, this apparatus was used in a water treatment plant in Brazil. The design doesn't involves electricity does not involve electricity, just hydraulic considerations.
Figure 1. Brazilian design
Figure created by ChengFeng Wu, based on the referenced book