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Validation of Turbulence Models:
Since we have unresolvable term in turbulence flow, different turbulence models or "estimation" were created to resolve turbulence flow with different characteristic. To decide on the turbulence model to use, a flow over backstep was compared with the literature experimental data. Figure 1 shows the flow of Re = 4800 over the channel. In the middle of the channel, the flow separate due to the small step size of height h. The flow reattaches at about 7 times the step height further downstream. This flow properties is similar to the 180 degree bend in the flocculation tank where we have flow separation and reattachment downstream.
