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Genetic characteristics:
Animal reservoir: Serovar Amsterdam has been Unknown, but serovar Amsterdam was found in rats, and ducks.
Geographical distribution: Serovar Amsterdam has been found in Denmark, Germany, reported primarily in European countries such as the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. According to the NCBI PD, it has also been found occasionally in North America (US and Canada), Asia (Philippines and Thailand), and Australia.
Human outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
2019-2021 | Europe: multi-country | 121 |
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