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NCBI PD link for serovar Urbana: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Urbana%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Urbana has been found to be paraphyletic. A non-Urbana serovar, S. Johannesburg, clusters within serovar Urbana. Saba et al. found that serovar Urbana isolated from humans in Africa was susceptible to the 20 antibiotics. Three serovar Urbana isolates collected during a multistate outbreak in 2017 were found to carry aph(3'')-lb, aph(6)-ld, and tet(C). The aph(3'')-lb gene produces an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme conferring resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin, while aph(6)-ld contributes to streptomycin resistance. The tet(C) gene is linked to tetracycline resistance. Additionally, the plasmid IncHI2 was present in all three serovar Urbana isolates.

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1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15212148/
2. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547190/full
3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24129620/
4. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000895#tab2
5. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/duisburg-04-21/details.html#:~:text=Public%20Health%20Actions,products%2C%20including%20their%20cashew%20brie.&text=Epidemiologic%2C%20laboratory%2C%20and%20traceback%20data%20show%20that%20Jule's%20cashew%20brie,infected%20with%20this%20outbreak%20strain.
6. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/urbana-09-17/index.html
7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20338145/#:~:text=A%20cluster%20of%2014%20cases,under%2016%20years%20of%20age.
8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1680905/