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Genetic characteristics:  Serovar Oslo has been found to be polyphyletic with two lineages identified. A MDR strain of serovar Oslo isolated from urine and stool specimens was reported by McCarthy et al. Kumar et al. found that three out of eight isolates from tropical seafood in India were resistant to carbenicillin, while the remaining five were pan-susceptible. A US study identified one serovar Oslo isolate resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, which possessed a class 1 integron with a gene cassette array of dfrA1.

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