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NCBI PD link for serovar Orion: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Orion%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Orion Serovar Orion has been found to be polyphyletic with two lineages identified and one stand-alone singleton that does not cluster with any other Salmonella Orion isolates. Serovar Orion, specifically its variant 15⁺,34⁺, was classified as belonging to the low-invasive groups of Salmonella serovars. Agga et al. isolated a serovar Orion strain from mink feces, which carried copper and silver resistance gene clusters (e.g., golS, pcoA, and silA) and multidrug resistance genes (i.e., mdsA and mdsB). Similarly,Hasegawa et al. also found that all 324 serovar Orion genomes analyzed contained the efflux pump genes mdsA/mdsB and gold tolerance genes golS/golT, while other resistance genes ( aminoglycosides, β-lactams, quinolones [via chromosomal mutations], colistin, lincosamides, macrolides, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracyclines, and disinfectants) were present at lower frequencies (0.3%–5.9%), with 17 genomes (5.2%) from Canada, the UK, US, and Tanzania showing multidrug-resistant potential. Metal tolerance genes for arsenic, copper, mercury, silver, and tellurium appeared in 0.3%–35.5% of isolates, and the plasmid Col(MGD2) was most prevalent (15.4%). Virulence profiling identified genes for adherence, macrophage induction, magnesium uptake, regulation, serum resistance, stress adaptation, type III secretion systems, and six SPIs (1–5, 9, 12–14, C63PI). Typing revealed 89.2% of isolates belonged to ST639.

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