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NCBI PD link for serovar Oranienburg: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Oranienburg%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Oranienburg has been found to be polyphyletic with ten lineages identified and two stand-alone singletons that do not cluster with any other Salmonella Oranienburg isolates. Jure et al. obtained 60 serovar Oranienburg isolates from children suffering from gastroenteritis and/or extraintestinal complications in a pediatric hospital in Tucumán, Argentina. All isolates in this study showed resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefepime, and aztreonam, while displaying partial susceptibility to ceftazidime. This resistance profile aligns with the typical resistance phenotype, CTX-M-type beta-lactamase-producing. Aguirre-Sanchez et al. analyzed 53 serovar Oranienburg genomes from different environmental sources in Mexica and identified a dominant clonal group consisting of ST23 and three additional STs. These isolates exhibited a maximum genetic divergence of 202 SNPs. Virulence factors for host invasion and colonization—including rpoS, type 1 fimbriae, and the type III secretion system (T3SS)—were conserved across all isolates in their research. 

Another Mexican study included 66 Salmonella Oranienburg genomes, revealing three subclades. Despite their conserved genetic content, these subclades appear to employ different adaptation strategies for persistence. This study also identified nine antimicrobial resistance genes: aac(6′)-Iy, H-NS, golS, marA, mdsABC, mdtK, and sdiA, along with a parC mutation (p.T57S) conferring resistance. Additionally, virulence gene analysis identified 92 pathogenicity-related genes [e.g., faeC (adherence E. coli), mig-14 (inducible macrophage), mgtBC (magnesium uptake), iroBCN (ABC transporter)], as well as SPI-1 to SPI-5 and centisomes 54 and 63 with more than 80% sequence identity. 

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