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Kentucky ST 152 was found to be predominant in US chickens and appears to show attenuated human virulence. Of 5151 genomes Richards et al. analyzed, 90.3 % were isolated from broilers, while 5.9 %, 3.0% were from humans and cattle, respectively. Notably, two serovar Kentucky-II isolates demonstrated an average 8.6-fold higher replication rate in macrophages compared to Kentucky-I isolates. Phylogenetic and pan-genomic analyses that included completely sequenced S. Kentucky and other Salmonella serovars concluded that S. Kentucky (i) belongs to clade A, according to den Bakker et al. (2011) classification, (ii) appears to have several evolutionary origin, and (iii) contains 127 gene families unique to this serovar. Chen et al. found that serovar Kentucky is a polyphyletic serovar with two lineages identified (Kentucky A and Kentucky B) and two stand-alone singletons that do not cluster with any other Salmonella Kentucky isolates. While Kentucky A is is associated with chicken (the majority of isolates are from the US), Kentucky B (the majority of isolates are from the UK) is associated with cattle. There are two clonal subclades identified in the Kentucky B Clade 2.
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