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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Rubislaw (antigenic formula 11:r:e,n,x) is a serovar of the O:11 (F) serogroup. Serovar Rubislaw was first described in 1934 from a case report of human infection. This serovar has been frequently isolated from farm and natural environmental reservoirs, including water from canals, ponds, rivers, and streams in the U.S., Brazil, and Mexico. S. Rubislaw has also been isolated from several types of fresh produce, including papaya, mango, avocado, and peppers, as well as spices such as ground black pepper.

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Animal reservoir: S. Rubislaw has been isolated from various non-clinical non-human zoonotic reservoirs including reptiles, amphibians, birds, and horses. Several human clinical infections of S. Rubislaw have been associated with contact with reptiles, including a human infection of S. Rubislaw in the U.S. that was linked to contact with iguanas.

Geographical distribution: S. Rubislaw has been frequently isolated from natural environmental reservoirs, including water from canals, ponds, rivers, and streams in the U.S., Brazil, Mexico, and other countries in South America. Serovar Rubislaw is widely distributed and has been found worldwide. 

Outbreaks: There have been no reported outbreaks linked to S. Rubislaw.

Border Rejections: Numerous border rejections associated with black pepper exported from Brazil were issued by Germany during 2020-2021. Some examples are list below: 

Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.

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1. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400027698
2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03121-3
3. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000895
4. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03743.x
5. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12018
6. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/462222
7. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/432927