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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Worthington (antigenic formula 1,13,23:z:l,w) is a serovar of the O:13 (G) serogroup. Serovar Worthington were first isolated in 1937 from a young turkey and a chick by Dr. Pomeroy. The name of Worthington came from Worthington, Minnesota, where a hatchery that the poult of this isolate was purchased. Serovar Worthington tends to cause infection in vulnerable groups such as newborns or elderly. 

Serovar Worthington has been reported to cause infection especially in neonatal cases and the pediatric ward. The symptoms caused by serovar Worthington infection are diarrhea, vomiting, but it can develop to meningitis leading to fatality.  In 1955, there was a report on serovar Worthington suspected causing gastroenteritis including vomiting in several newborn babies in a small maternity ward at Indonesian hospital. The outbreak to newborn babies in the nursery of maternity ward also occurred in Hongkong's hospital in August 1974 leading to 1 from 13 cases died due to meningitis but the outbreak cause was unable to identified. However, the second outbreak occurred in five weeks after with infected five newborns and this time revealed that the outbreak caused by the contamination in tubing system of a suction apparatus which was used for baby's oropharyngeal suction. The outbreak causing by the same contamination also happened in Pakistan in early 1990s. Salmonella Worthington was recovered from 18 babies who received suction.

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NCBI PD link for serovar Worthinton: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Worthington%22)

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oldest verified isolation was in 1929 in Denmark. It was in the top 15 most commonly reported Salmonella enterica serovars related to animal contact outbreaks in the United States during 2009–2014.

This serovar was also isolated from turkey-processing plants in the USA in the 1960's. and pig farm environment in Brazil. Although there has been a limited number of research on Salmonella Sandiego, human infections caused by Salmonella Sandiego have been reported, such as a post-traumatic chronic subdural haematoma in an alcoholic heavy drinker patient, and a prevertebral neck abscess in a type 2 diabetes mellitus patient.NCBI PD link for serovar Sandiego:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Sandiego%22)

Animal reservoir: Serovar Sandiego has been found in small turtles and their environments, and also found in turkey flocks. 

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