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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Weltevreden (antigenic formula 3,{10}{15}:r:z₆) is a serovar of the O:3,10 (E₁) serogroup. Serovar Weltevreden has been reported to cause myocarditis in a case from South India. In Malaysia, serovar Weltevreden became a more frequent cause of human gastroenteritis, representing 31% of all detected serovars from 1989 to 1994. Tran et al. reported a low prevalence of serovar Weltevreden in domestic chickens, ducks, and pigs in the Mekong Delta. The rising association between serovar Weltevreden and human salmonellosis cases in Southeast Asia aligns with its frequent isolation in the region's seafood.

NCBI PD link for serovar Weltevreden: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Weltevreden%22)

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Zhang et al. revealed that most serovar Weltevreden strains from diarrheal patients in China (97.92%, 94/96) and other global regions (94.97%, 189/199) belonged to ST 365. The remaining strains in their study were identified as ST3771 (n=3), ST22 (n=1), ST155 (n=1), and ST684 (n=1). Additionally, ST365 was commonly found in animals, food, and environmental samples worldwide. These serovar Weltevreden strains harbored multiple virulence genes, and a 100.03-kb IncFII(S) plasmid was frequently present. Removing this plasmid reduced the bacteria's ability to infect Caco-2 cells and C57BL/6 mice. . Interestingly, a study found that serovar Weltevreden exhibits higher expression of the enterotoxin stn gene when cultured in seafood.

Animal reservoir: Wild geckos are likely to be the reservoir for serovar Weltevreden. Serovar Weltevreden was also frequently reported from seafood. 

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⁴ This recall was caused by a multi-country outbreak described above.

Relevant links:

1. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1513974/full
2. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3032864
3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15353859/
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31053586/
5. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134252
6. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zph.12873
7. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2023.0064#:~:text=In%20the%20last%20two%20decades,et%20al.%2C%202021).
8. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01985/full
9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9927414/
10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26531707/
11. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zph.12873
12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9927414/
13. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/weltevreden-06-21/index.html
14. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-05-15/index.html
15. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10961741/
16. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2019/10/almost-50-ill-in-australian-salmonella-outbreak/
17. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8242109/
18. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4418162/
19. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/ese.13.32.18949-en
20. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esw.12.48.03321-en
21. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/688257
22. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2023/05/black-fungus-recalled-in-12-states-after-testing-finds-multiple-strains-of-salmonella/
23. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/597121
24. https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/outbreak-investigation-salmonella-weltevreden-frozen-pre-cooked-shrimp-april-2021#:~:text=CDC%20declares%20outbreak%20over.&text=The%20FDA%2C%20along%20with%20CDC,that%20the%20outbreak%20is%20over.
25. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esw.12.48.03321-en