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NCBI PD link for serovar Typhimurium: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Typhimurium%22)

Genetic characteristics: Whole genome sequences for 27 strains of S. Typhimurium have been deposited at GenBank as of October, 2013. Genomic characteristics of the sequenced S. Typhimurium strains include (i) a genome size ranging from 4.82- 5.09 Mb, (ii) a mol G+C% of approx. 52.2, and (iii) 4,556 to 5,619 predicted genes. Most of the strains of S. Typhimurium contain a plasmid of approx. 90 kb that carry virulence genes (Salmonella virulence plasmid (SVP)). Large resistant plasmids of approx. 200 kb that represented different incompatibility types (e.g., IncHI1), have also been identified in S. Typhimurium. Prophages and genomic islands are important genomic components of serovar Typhimurium; for example, S. Typhimurium str. LT2 has four prophages (Fels-1, Fels-2, Gifsy-1, and Gifsy-2). Pathogenicity islands (SPIs) are found in all S. Typhimurium sequenced to date, this include SPIs-1 to 6, 9, 11 to 14, and 16; being SPI-14 specific to S. Typhimurium. In addition, some genomic islands are strain-specific; for example, S. Typhimurium MDR strain ST1660/06 has three strain-specific genomic islands that encode putative virulence and resistance genes. Genomic islands that encode antibiotic resistance appear to be a common feature of a number of S. Typhimurium MDR strains, these genomic islands include, e.g., Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) described in S. Typhimurium DT104 and genomic island GI-DT12 in S. Typhimurium T000240. The latest genomic island (GI-DT12) contains antibiotic resistance genes (i.e., bla(oxa-30), aadA1, qacEΔ1, and sul1, cat, and tetA) and virulence genes (i.e., the aerobactin iron-acquisition siderophore system (lutA and lucABC), and an iron transporter (sitABCD)).

In Sub-Sahara regions of Africa, invasive strains of S. Typhimurium emerged, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny of these invasive strains and strains from other regions, showed two lineages of invasive strains that clustered together. According to den Bakker et al. (2011) classification, Salmonella Typhimurium belongs to clade A.

Animal reservoir: Serovar Typhimurium is found in multiple animal species, including cattle, poultry, swine, wild animals, dogs, and insects.

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Year	Location	Recalled food	Type
2025	US: multistate	Cucumbers¹	Fruits and vegetables
2023-2025	Europe: multi-country	Alfalfa sprouts²	Fruits and vegetables
2023	Romania	Turkey meat from Hungary	Poultry meat and poultry meat products
2022	Ireland	Milled brown flaxseed from UK	Nuts, nut products and seeds
2022	Multiple countries	Chocolate³	Confectionery
2021	Norway	Pork sides with jaw from Germany	Meat and meat products (other than poultry)

Genetic characteristics: Whole genome sequences for 27 strains of S. Typhimurium have been deposited at GenBank as of October, 2013. Genomic characteristics of the sequenced S. Typhimurium strains include (i) a genome size ranging from 4.82- 5.09 Mb, (ii) a mol G+C% of approx. 52.2, and (iii) 4,556 to 5,619 predicted genes. Most of the strains of S. Typhimurium contain a plasmid of approx. 90 kb that carry virulence genes (Salmonella virulence plasmid (SVP)). Large resistant plasmids of approx. 200 kb that represented different incompatibility types (e.g., IncHI1), have also been identified in S. Typhimurium. Prophages and genomic islands are important genomic components of serovar Typhimurium; for example, S. Typhimurium str. LT2 has four prophages (Fels-1, Fels-2, Gifsy-1, and Gifsy-2). Pathogenicity islands (SPIs) are found in all S. Typhimurium sequenced to date, this include SPIs-1 to 6, 9, 11 to 14, and 16; being SPI-14 specific to S. Typhimurium. In addition, some genomic islands are strain-specific; for example, S. Typhimurium MDR strain ST1660/06 has three strain-specific genomic islands that encode putative virulence and resistance genes. Genomic islands that encode antibiotic resistance appear to be a common feature of a number of S. Typhimurium MDR strains, these genomic islands include, e.g., Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) described in S. Typhimurium DT104 and genomic island GI-DT12 in S. Typhimurium T000240. The latest genomic island (GI-DT12) contains antibiotic resistance genes (i.e., bla(oxa-30), aadA1, qacEΔ1, and sul1, cat, and tetA) and virulence genes (i.e., the aerobactin iron-acquisition siderophore system (lutA and lucABC), and an iron transporter (sitABCD)).

In Sub-Sahara regions of Africa, invasive strains of S. Typhimurium emerged, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny of these invasive strains and strains from other regions, showed two lineages of invasive strains that clustered together. According to den Bakker et al. (2011) classification, Salmonella Typhimurium belongs to clade A.

¹ This recall was caused by a multistate outbreak described above. Importers issued a recall for American/slicer cucumbers produced by Agrotato, S.A. de C.V. in Sonora, Mexico, which were sold during October and November 2024.

² This recall was caused by a multi-country outbreak in Europe described above.

³ This recall was caused by a multi-country outbreak described above. Kinder Chocolate Eggs, traced back to a factory in Belgium, were identified as the vehicle.

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