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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Stanley (antigenic formula: 1,4,[5],12,[27]:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. S. Stanley is commonly associated with human clinical infections in South East Asia, which appears to have spread to Europe. Initial cases in Denmark were associated with patients that traveled to Thailand; however, multiple outbreaks in Europe associated with different sources (poultry, cheese, alfalfa sprouts) suggest that S. Stanley is also found in Europe. In Asia, cases have been found in children under the age of 5. Multidrug resistant strains that encode extended spectrum beta-lactamases (enzymes that confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin) have been reported in clinical cases in Asia and Europe.

NCBI PD link for serovar Stanley: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Stanley%22)

Genetic characteristics: 

Animal reservoir: Pork was found to be the source of S. Stanley in Thailand, but outbreaks associated with turkey indicate that turkey is also a reservoir Swine is the reservoir of serovar Stanley. According to the metadata from NCBI PD, this serovar was also isolated from other animals such as fish (Labeo rohita), snake (Naja siamensis), and frog. 

Geographical distribution: S. Serovar Stanley has been reported worldwide. Serovar Stanley is prevalent endemic in Asia, this serovar has been reported in Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, and Malaysia. In Europe, cases reported in Denmark were attributed to traveling to AsiaSoutheast Asia (especially Thailand) and the Western Pacific region but relatively rare in Europe.

Human outbreaks: 

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³ This recall was caused by an outbreak described above. Serovar Stanley, Newport, Kottbus, and Lexington were found in tested products. 

Relevant links:

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587708001463
2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3295172/
3. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/turtles-08-24/investigation.html
4. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/stanley-09-20/index.html#:~:text=On%20October%201%2C%202020%2C%20the,outbreak%20appears%20to%20be%20over.
5. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/stanley-01-14/index.html
6. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/media/en/publications/Publications/salmonella-stanley-multi-country-outbreak-assessment-8-May-2014.pdf
7. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esw.12.42.03291-en
8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18801315/
9. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-2004-cdi2804f.htm
10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15310157/
11. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/576700
12. https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/wismettac-asian-foods-voluntarily-recalls-dried-fungus-due-potential-salmonella-contamination
13. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?archive_url=https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/stanley-01-14/advice-consumers.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/stanley-01-14/index.html

1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3303205
2. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=18979
3. http://www.sproutnet.com/Salmonella-Stanley-in-Sweden
4. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/publications/20120921_rra_stanley_salmonella.pdf
5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205822
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932601