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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Napoli (antigenic formula 1,9,12:l,z₁₃:e,n,x) is a serovar of the O:9 (D₁) serogroup.

This is a rare serovar, in the US only 19 cases were reported from 1999-2009. In other regions of the world world S. Napoli is also rare, except for France, Italy, and Switzerland were it appears to have increased considerably. It was isolated from rucola and wild bird samples collected in Italy between 2004 and 2014 (Fisher et al., 2009; Mancini et al., 2014; Gori et al., 2018).

Genetic characteristics: 

Animal reservoir: poultry and wild birds have been reported as animal sources of this serovar.

Geographical distribution: Serovar Napoli appears to be distributed in Europe, specifically in France, Italy, and Switzerland.

 Although it is a nontyphodial Salmonella strain some if its symptoms, including a prolonged incubation period (7–14 days), high fever, bacteremia, and elevated rates of hospitalizations, are similar to those caused by typhoidal Salmonella. 

NCBI PD link for serovar Napoli: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Napoli%22)

Genetic characteristics: Serovar Napoli Phylogenetic Information: Serovar Napoli has the typhoid-associated genes hlyE and taiA (SPI-18), cdtB, pltA, and pltB (CdtB-Islet), as well as the GICT18/1 islet.

Animal reservoir: Unknown, but this serovar was isolated from 

Geographical distribution: Serovar Napoli has been reported in US, Canada, Australia, and Europe, mainly in UK and ItalySymtpoms: Although it is a nontyphodial Salmonella strain some if its symptoms, including a prolonged incubation period (7–14 days), high fever, bacteremia, and elevated rates of hospitalizations, are similar to those caused by typhoidal Salmonella. 

Human outbreaks:

Animal outbreaksBorder rejections:

Recalls: 

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¹ The herd consisted of 310 cows. There were four animals infected: two calves and two milking cows.

Border rejections: There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar. 

Recalls: There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar. 

Relevant links:

1. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2023/12/salmonella-outbreak-over-in-norway-but-source-not-found/
2. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2015.2091
3. https://www.escaide.eu/sites/default/files/documents/ESCAIDE-2012-abstract-book.pdf
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6131266/
5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11718894/
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19534593
7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6131266
8. http://www.iss.it/binary/publ/cont/ANN_14_01_14.pdf
9. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20519
10. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2015.2091
11. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2016.2206
12. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/556383
13. Fisher I, Jourdan-da S, Nathalie H, Herbert W, François-Xavier SH, Danan C, Kérouanton A, Lane C, Dionisi AM, Luzzi I. 2009. Human Infections Due to Salmonella Napoli: A Multicountry, Emerging Enigma Recognized by the Enter-net International Surveillance Network. Foodborne pathogens and disease. 6. 613-9. 10.1089/fpd.2008.0206. 
14. Mancini L, Marcheggiani S, D'Angelo A, Puccinelli, Camilla C, Filippo R, Flavia D, Elisabetta DM, Dario D, Anna M, Owczarek S, Luzzi Ida. 2014. First isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Napoli from wild birds in Italy. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità. 50. 96-8. 10.4415/ANN_14_01_14. 
15. Gori M, Ebranati E, Scaltriti E, Huedo P, Ciceri G, Elisabetta T, Mirella P, Gianguglielmo Z, Stefano P, Luca B. 2018. High-resolution diffusion pattern of human infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Napoli in Northern Italy explained through phylogeography. PLOS ONE 13(8): e0202573. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202573