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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (antigenic formula 6,8:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:8 (C₂-C₃) serogroup. Serovar Muenchen was first described in 1932 and the first records of its isolation were documented in South and North America.  

In the U.S., Salmonella Muenchen is a common serovar that is reported among the top ten serovars isolated from humans. Strains of S. Muenchen with multidrug resistant phenotypes have been reported; one of these reports described an strain of S. Muenchen resistant to up to 12 antibiotics (i.e., ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, cephalothin, and ceftriaxone). S. Muenchen was identified in rural areas of South Georgia in watersheds and wild animals; importantly, same PFGE patterns were idientified in human salmonellosis cases.

S. Muenchen have been reported among the most common serovars in multiple locations; including the U.S., Australia, and Europe. In addition, microbiological identifications of S. Muenchen have benn reported in some countries in Africa (South Africa and Ethiopia), Asia (Singapore and Malaysia), and South America (Brazil). This serovar was identified in rural areas of Georgia, USSerovar Muenchen is one of the top 10 serovars responsible for human salmonellosis cases in US. CDC surveillance data indicated that serovar Muenchen represents approximately 2% of salmonellosis infections, ranking eighth among the leading Salmonella serovars. Since 2019, serovar Muenchen has been the most predominant serovar in Israel, identified in clinical, poultry, and food samples. It accounted for over 30% (937 of 3,112) of all clinical Salmonella isolates in 2019 and 39.5% (1,055 of 2,671) in 2020. This serovar was also the most common serovar in beef in Oceania. Between 2001 and 2007, serovar Muenchen ranked as the 15th most frequently isolated Salmonella serovar from humans across 37 countries participating in the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network laboratory surveillance program.

NCBI PD link for serovar Muenchen: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Muenchen%22)

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³ Sun Orchard issued a recall of its unpasteurized orange juice products. This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak described above. 

Relevant links:

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20030315113355/http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/phlisdata/salmtab/2001/SalmonellaAnnualSummary2001.pdf
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X22002889
3. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.00591-19
4. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2010.0787?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
5. https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/0301-620X.46B4.697/pdf
6. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/swine2006_is_salmonella_1.pdf
7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4825103/
8. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/22161
9. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/muenchen-03-25/investigation.html#:~:text=This%20means%20that%20people%20in,strain%2C%20also%20linked%20to%20geckos.
10. https://www.food.dtu.dk/english/newsarchive/2024/06/more-outbreaks-of-salmonella-in-2023
11. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2021/12/salmonella-behind-a-quarter-of-eu-outbreaks-in-2020-with-20000-sickened/
12. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/muenchen-02-16/index.html
13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28494842/
14. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2003-outbreak-of-salmonella-muenchen-linked-to-cantaloupehoneydew-melon
15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X22009164?via%3Dihub
16. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88372/
17. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4827a2.htm
18. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdi2109-pdf-cnt.htm/$FILE/cdi2109b.pdf
19. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0195670182900652#:~:text=An%20outbreak%20of%20Salmonella%20muenchen%20infection%20involving%2028%20children%20and,occurred%20in%20two%20immunodeficient%20patients.
20. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/654263
21. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/461765
22. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/442889
23. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/432927
24. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2016/02/123962/
25. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2013/02/fda-flexes-muscles-to-achieve-kasel-pet-treat-recall/
26. https://marlerclark.com/news_events/sun-orchard-salmonella-outbreak-multistate